Treatment modalities for temporomandibular disorders clinical experience and surgical maneuver
 
 M. Al-Bahrani, BDS. Msc. MD. Consultant Oral&Maxillofacial Surgeon, King Fahad Hufof Hospital , KSA.
 
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint,
 masticatory muscles and the adjacent structures,
 and most clinicians and researchers believe that it is multifactorial etiology
. There are multiple risk factors associated with TMD. The etiology of TMD has not been yet completely understood.
 In adolescents with TMD,
 psychosocial factors such as increased levels of stress, somatic complaints, and emotional problems seem to play a more prominent role than dental factors.
 It seems that muscular pain may overshadow joint pain.
 Recent studies suggest that subjects with muscular diagnoses have more severe pain and psychological distress than those with joint diagnoses.
 Management of TMD disorders is depened up on the cause range between the conservative, medical and surgery.