Abrar Bashir, [Jun 17, 2023 at 8:36 AM]
Background: Gestational diabetes is the commonest pregnancy disorder. Many clinical and non-clinical factors increase the risk of developing the disease during pregnancy, with the consequence of serious morbid complications or even death in both mothers and their newborns. In Sudan limited data are available about the different risk factors and outcomes of gestational diabetes. This study demonstrates the various risk factors and disease outcomes among Sudanese mothers and newborns. 
-Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional health facility-based study conducted at two government maternity hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan, in the period from January 2021 to October 2022. A total coverage sample was applied, and a five-part interview questionnaire was used, consisting of demographic data, risk assessment in mothers, disease control, maternal GDM outcomes, and lastly, neonatal GDM outcomes section. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to determine the risk factors and outcomes of gestational diabetes in Sudanese mothers and newborns and to find the effect of disease control through physical activities and pharmacological treatment on the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Khartoum. 
-Results:   70 women participated in the study (response rate: 91%). According to our findings, risk factors for gestational diabetes and its adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes occur at various levels among Sudanese mothers and newborns, with family history of type 2 diabetes being the most common risk factor, and cesarean sections and hypoglycemia being the most common maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, respectively.  Our study also found that having no regular physical activities during a gestational diabetes pregnancy increased the risk of developing gestational hypertension and neonatal birth injuries. 
-Conclusion: We must pay attention to women with gestational diabetes and their newborns. My recommendations are to assess risk factors as early as possible in all pregnant women or even before conception and to do our best to prevent the development of the disease, its adverse outcomes, and to manage them properly if they develop.